The noted Kabbalist Rabbi Eliyahu ben Moshe Loanz, known as "Rabbi Eliyahu Baal Shem" of Worms, Germany, passed away on the 21st of Tammuz of the year 5396 from creation (1636 CE). He was a grandson of the famed shtadlan (Jewish activist) R. Joselman of Rosheim, and the author of Michlal Yofi commentary on Ecclesiastes.
During the Three Weeks, from 17th of Tamuz to the 9th of Av, we commemorate the conquest of Jerusalem, the destruction of the Holy Temple and the dispersion of the Jewish people.
Weddings and other joyful events are not held during this period; like mourners, we do not cut our hair, and various pleasurable activities are limited or proscribed. (The particular mourning customs vary from community to community, so consult a competent halachic authority for details.)
Citing the verse (Isaiah 1:27) "Zion shall be redeemed with mishpat [Torah] and its returnees with tzedakah," the Rebbe urged that we increase in Torah study (particularly the study of the laws of the Holy Temple) and charity during this period.
Links:
The Three Weeks
In the non-physical world of emotions, ideas, and the soul, many things can overlap in time and space.
But a physical world is a place where each thing says, “In my space, nothing else can be.”
When a human being doesn’t allow the spiritual light of his soul to shine, he too becomes a physical object. So he says, “You are taking up my space.”
How large is the space of a human being? As much as he can grab and more. We’re all reproductions of Adam, and there was only one of him occupying the entire world.
But when a human being rises a little higher, a little more spiritual, a little more sensitive to a world beyond him, then he says, “Let’s share this space. There’s room here for all of us.”